Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications

W. Almeshehe, Muataz and Murad, Noor Asniza and A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal and Ayop, Osman and Zubir, Farid and A. Abd. Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol and N. Osman, Mohamed and Majid, H. A. (2023) Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications. Waves in Random and Complex Media, 33 (2). pp. 372-392.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/17455030.2021.1880032

Abstract

This paper proposes a low loss 4 × 4 Butler matrix based on rectangular waveguide cavity resonators technology for millimeterwave beamforming network using iris coupling method. This method has the advantage of controlling the electricalfields and the couplingfactor inside a complex medium such as waveguide cavity resonators. The coupling factor of 6 dB for 4 × 4 Butler matrix is achieved by tuning the iris coupling k-value between the waveguide cavity resonators. Thus, avoiding a higher phase difference losses and component losses at upper millimeterwave bands. To validate the proposed method, CST software simulations are performed under several iris coupling k-values to achieve a 6 dB coupling factor. Then, the proposed 4 × 4 Butler matrix is 3D metal printed using selective laser melting (SLM) technique. The measured reflection and isolation coefficients are observed below −10 dB, with coupling coefficients ranging between −6 and −7 dB. The phase differences of −42.02°, 42.02°, −130.95°, and 133.3° are achieved at the outputs. It confirmed that using this proposed method has the superiority over the conventional microstrip and waveguide coupling methods by a 1 dB coupling factor loss and a 3° phase difference error.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Butler matrix; cavity resonators; iris coupling; k-value; beamforming network
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7800-8360 Electronics
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering Technology > FTK
Depositing User:	Mr. Mohamad Zulkhibri Rahmad
Date Deposited:	27 Oct 2024 08:22
Last Modified:	27 Oct 2024 08:26
URI:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/11648

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