Unveiling the importance of controllable growth of c-axis oriented Sn-doped ZnO nanorod arrays: Towards humidity sensing applications

Ismail, A.S. and Mamat, M.H. and Mohamed, R. and Embong, Z. and Kossar, S. (2025) Unveiling the importance of controllable growth of c-axis oriented Sn-doped ZnO nanorod arrays: Towards humidity sensing applications. Ceramics International. pp. 1-13.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.424

Abstract

In this study, tin (Sn)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays (SZO) were prepared using a sonication assisted solgel immersion method, with the growth of the nanorod arrays controlled by varying the immersion time in the precursor material. Morphology images taken using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) demonstrated an enlargement of the average diameter of the nanorod arrays from 55 nm at 5 min immersion to 122 nm at 200 min immersion. The cross-sectional and surface elemental analysis showed that the sample immersed for 60 min has the highest detection of Sn, with a bulk concentration of 1.8 at.% and surface concentration of 1 at.%. Interestingly, we noticed that Sn is not exist on the surface of 200 min immersion, indicating the depletion of the Sn precursor due to the prolongation of the immersion time. From the current voltage (I-V) analysis, 60 min immersion sample generated the lowest thin film resistivity, which engendered the best humidity sensitivity of 4.05. This study demonstrated the significant importance of optimizing the immersion or growth time for doped 1-D nanostructures to obtain the best humidity sensing performance.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Sn-doped ZnO Nanorod arrays 1-D Immersion time Humidity sensor
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions:	Faculty of Applied Science and Technology > Department of Physics and Chemistry
Depositing User:	Mr. Mohamad Zulkhibri Rahmad
Date Deposited:	29 Aug 2025 07:56
Last Modified:	29 Aug 2025 07:56
URI:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/12900

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