Maximizing eco-energetic and economic synergies: Floating photovoltaic engaged pumped-hydro energy storage for water scarcity alleviation, carbon emission reduction, and cost efficiency

Goh, Hui Hwang and Liang, Qikai and Xie, Haonan and Liang, Xue and Zhang, Dongdong and Dai, Wei and Kurniawan, Tonni Agustiono and Wong, Shen Yuong and Goh, Kai Chen and Teo, Kenneth Tze Kin (2025) Maximizing eco-energetic and economic synergies: Floating photovoltaic engaged pumped-hydro energy storage for water scarcity alleviation, carbon emission reduction, and cost efficiency. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 197. pp. 1-16.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.107082

Abstract

Carbon emissions from fossil fuel exacerbate climate change and intensify global water scarcity. While Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) have been explored separately, their integrated potential remains underdeveloped. This study presents a novel hybrid energy system of floating photovoltaic engaged pumped-hydro energy storage (FPV-PHES) system, and provides a comprehensive assessment framework that combines water-cooling, savings from mon-evaporation, and life cycle assessment (LCA) to optimize the evaluation model，obtain the potential of FPV-PHES system in terms of energy, environment, and economy. This study specifically examines China’s Mainland, which is a prominent player in the construction of pumped storage facilities. The study analyses 40 PHES stations and four FPV coverage scenarios. In terms of energy, China’s FPV-PHES systems are capable of generating a maximum annual power production of 75.37 TWh, with an extra 30.33 GWh of hydropower each year. In terms of environment, FPV-PHES systems have the capability to conserve 36.09 million m3 of water by minimising evaporation and reduce 40.42 million tons of CO2 emissions annually compared to traditional PHES systems. Economically, the FPV-PHES system achieved a minimum Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of 16.85 €/MWh. This study provides a transferable framework for optimizing FPV-PHES deployment globally, offering insights into sustainable energy transitions and climate resilience strategies.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Floating photovoltaic engaged pumped-hydro energy storage (FPV-PHES) Life cycle assessment (LCA) Water scarcity mitigation CO2 emissions reduction Hybrid energy systems
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Divisions:	Faculty of Technology Management and Business > FPTP
Depositing User:	Mr. Mohamad Zulkhibri Rahmad
Date Deposited:	28 Aug 2025 23:56
Last Modified:	28 Aug 2025 23:57
URI:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/13127

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