Photocatalytic reactor incorporating modified zinc oxide Acorus calamus nanoparticles to remediate anaerobic palm oil mill effluent

Zuraini, Noor Atiqah and Abu Bakar Sidik, Dilaeleyana and Shamhan, Sham Darwish and Hairom, Nur Hanis Hayati and Suradi, Siti Samahani and Madon, Rais Hanizam and Awang, Zarizi and Abdul Hamid, Nor Hazren and Mohd Adnan, Raudah M and Abdul Halim, Norhazimah (2025) Photocatalytic reactor incorporating modified zinc oxide Acorus calamus nanoparticles to remediate anaerobic palm oil mill effluent. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences (MJAS), 29 (2). pp. 1-14. ISSN 1394 - 2506

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Abstract

Massive amounts of pollutants in anaerobic palm oil mill effluent (APOME) can raise environmental and ecological issues. Thus, this study aimed to treat APOME using a photocatalytic reactor incorporating zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and Acorus calamus (ACal) as green capping agent. The photocatalytic activity of various types of ZnO–ACal NPs in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, and color removal efficiency was investigated. The results of this study suggested that ZnO–ACal NPs 3:1 and pH 6 were the best for removing color (~50%), turbidity (~90%), and COD (~80– 90%) more effectively. This behavior was influenced by ZnO-ACal NPs' characteristics from the SEM image, which contrasted commercial ZnO, with the creation of uniform, small particles. It can be concluded that altering the synthesis conditions to produce particular nanoparticle characteristics can improve the breakdown of APOME organic contaminants during the photocatalytic process. The results of this study can serve as a guide for enhancing water quality for recycling and guaranteeing the nation's access to safe water.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Photocatalytic, nanoparticles, Acorus calamus, anaerobic palm oil mill effluent, zinc oxide, photocatalyst
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering Technology > FTK
Depositing User:	Mr. Mohamad Zulkhibri Rahmad
Date Deposited:	29 Sep 2025 02:04
Last Modified:	29 Sep 2025 02:06
URI:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/13234

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