Hanapi, Muhammad Ikhmal (2017) Influence of alkali resistant (AR) glass in porcelain clay for vitrified clay pipes. Masters thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.
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Abstract
The aimed of the present work is to produce porcelain clay reinforced with Alkali Resistant (AR) glass for vitrified clay pipes at minimum sintering temperature. In this study, AR fiberglass as a reinforcement was milled into an average particle size of 90 μm and mixed with porcelain in different weight percentage at 3 wt%, 6 wt%, 9 wt%, and 12 wt%. The sample was prepared by using powder compaction and then fired for 2 hours at 900°C, 1000°C 1100°C and 1200°C. Based on the chemical analysis, it was found that SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O and K2O is the significant element to produce the material. Result of thermal analysis shows that sintering start occurs at 900°C to 1300°C. The result of volume shrinkage, apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density and flexural strength were recorded for each samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microstructural morphology of samples. It was found that the addition of AR glass can dramatically lowering the apparent porosity as well as water absorption and increase the value of volume shrinkage, bulk density and flexural strength with the rising of sintering temperature. It can be seen that the volume shrinkage is satisfy the typical ceramic shrinkage where is quarter than original dimension which is 31.75%. Based on the result, the favorable properties of porcelain clay sintering were obtained at sintering temperature of 1100°C with addition of 3 wt% AR glass. Thus, the suitable value of apparent porosity, water absorption and density obtained was 0.41%, 6.27% and 2.29g/cm3 respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum value for flexural strength gained was 76.40MPa. Based on the microstructure image, it can be seen that the reduction of porosity and increasing of glassy phase was corresponded to the addition of AR glass and rising of sintering temperature. In conclusion, the objective of this study were achieve to satisfied the value of vitrified clay pipes standard based on EN 295.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD511-780 Sewage collection and disposal systems. Sewerage |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering > Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Mrs. Sabarina Che Mat |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Sep 2021 02:39 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Sep 2021 02:39 |
| URI: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/829 |
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